Comparison operators

Equal (=)

Selects time series whose label value is exactly equal to the given string. Matchers appear in curly braces after the metric name; every additional matcher narrows the series set the query reads, which is the single biggest lever on query cost.

Syntax

<metric>{<label>=\"<value>\"}

Parameters

Example

Select the goroutine-count gauge for the Kloudfuse query-service only, then sum it into a single series.

sum(go_goroutines{app_kubernetes_io_name=\"query-service\"})

Not equal (!=)

Selects time series whose label value is not equal to the given string. Use it to exclude one known series from an otherwise broad selection.

Syntax

<metric>{<label>!=\"<value>\"}

Parameters

Example

Count goroutines across Kloudfuse services excluding the query-service, grouped by service name.

sum by (app_kubernetes_io_name) (
  go_goroutines{app_kubernetes_io_instance=\"kfuse\", app_kubernetes_io_name!=\"query-service\"}
)

Regex not match (!~)

Selects time series whose label value does not match an RE2 regular expression. One !~ matcher can exclude several values at once via alternation.

Syntax

<metric>{<label>!~\"<regex>\"}

Parameters

Example

Count goroutines for Kloudfuse services that are not one of the query services.

sum by (app_kubernetes_io_name) (
  go_goroutines{app_kubernetes_io_instance=\"kfuse\", app_kubernetes_io_name!~\".*query-service\"}
)

Regex match (=~)

Selects time series whose label value matches an RE2 regular expression. The expression is fully anchored — it must match the entire label value. Use it to select a family of related series in one matcher.

Syntax

<metric>{<label>=~\"<regex>\"}

Parameters

Example

Select goroutine gauges for every Kloudfuse query service — query-service, events-query-service, and rum-query-service all match the expression.

sum by (app_kubernetes_io_name) (
  go_goroutines{app_kubernetes_io_name=~\".*query-service\"}
)